![]() Thematic analysis of 518 entries gleaned from 48 diaries identified four themes (plus ten subthemes): Presenting (Places and people Diary project), Intensive Care Unit Stay (Clinical events What the patient does Patient support), Outside the Hospital (Family and topical events The weather), Feelings and Thoughts (Encouragement and wishes Farewell Considerations). ![]() A thematic analysis was performed.ĭiary entries described what happened and expressed emotions. ICU staff members wrote a digital diary while caring for adult patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit for >48 hours. Two ICUs in a tertiary level hospital (Milan, Italy) from January to December 2021. To explore recurrent themes in diaries kept by intensive care unit (ICU) staff during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. ICU diaries do not seem to have any beneficial effect on the relatives of the patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis supports the use of ICU diaries to reduce the risk of depression and preserve the quality of life of patients after ICU admission. For the relatives receiving an ICU diary, there was no difference in the incidence of PTSD, anxiety, or depression. When pooling the results, ICU diary was associated with lower risk of depression (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23-0.75) and better quality of life (10.3 points higher in SF-36 general health score, 95% CI 0.79-19.8), without a decrease in anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Two additional studies were selected after a reference search, and after a full-text review, a total of 12 studies were included. Seven hundred eighty-five titles were identified for screening. A random-effects model was employed considering the anticipated variability between the studies. Structured tools were used to assess the methodological quality ("Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I)" for cohort studies and the "Cochrane Risk of Bias tool" for included RCTs and before/after studies). Review articles, commentaries, editorials, and studies without a control group were excluded. The search was not limited by any specific outcome. Randomized clinical trials, observational studies, letter with original data, and abstracts were included, irrespective of the language. Studies were included if the intervention group (ICU diary) was compared with a group with no diaries and the sample was comprised patients ≥ 18 years old admitted in the ICU for more than 24 h and their relatives. ![]() Two authors independently searched the online databases PubMed, OVID, Embase, EBSCO host, and PsycINFO from inception to July 2019. The aim of this study is to evaluate the literature on the effect of ICU diaries for patients admitted in ICU and their relatives. The ICU diaries improve the patient's factual memory of the ICU, but it is not clear if they reduce the incidence of psychiatric disorders in patients and relatives after hospital discharge. Memory gaps in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors are associated with psychiatric disorders. ![]()
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